Fighting a Plague: Doctors' Stories of Challenge and Innovation Combatting the AIDS Epidemic in 1980s New York City.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has devastated the United States for forty years. Though there are highly effective treatments for HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) today, the early years of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in New York City (NYC) were filled with uncertainty, fear, and death-not unlike the period we are now experiencing in the COVID-19 era. Existing scholarship captures the political discourse of the HIV/AIDS era and the narratives of physicians who specialized in HIV medicine. This essay uses eight in-depth interviews of physicians of various specialties who worked in NYC to understand the uncertainties and fears in daily work during the early AIDS epidemic. Their stories provide unique perspectives into the realities of working as physicians in the epicenter of a highly politicized epidemic with limited support, information, and treatments. They illustrate that HIV/AIDS provided unique biomedical, social, and political challenges to the physicians working in NYC during the 1980s. Over the course of the decade, these physicians adapted to meet challenges using methods that have since become commonplace in their clinical practice.

Living in the wake of punk.

Almost since its inception, punk has been declared dead. What does it mean to live attached to something that is always, at least a little bit, gone? Examining how Justin Pearson merges personal accounts of death and mourning with a sense of punk that is rooted in loss in his memoir of his participation in a North American punk culture since the 1990s, From the Graveyard of the Arousal Industry, this article considers how a focus on living in the wake of the death of punk might shift scholarly and popular narratives told about punk. Punk outlives its death in the 1970s with a redemptive rebirth in which it became the subject of an anti-capitalist narrative. The article considers how Pearson's memoir explores a different framework by insisting that punk may not be able to separate itself from the wider world, and that while this might appear to deal a death blow to punk, it also names a persistent set of conditions that define punk. After placing the memoir in the context of this redemptive account of punk as well as among those who see its limits, the article offers an analysis of several scenes addressing personal losses that merge with Pearson's attachment to punk-as-something-dead-and-gone. The deaths that Pearson associates with punk rock are personal, but they also register the larger significance of loss for a subculture that cannot stop declaring its own demise, including especially the loss of a fantasy that sees punk as a refuge from the world.

Changing Psychiatry or Changing Society? The Motion for the Rights of the "Mentally Ill" in Greece, 1980-1990.

In 1980, the first formal association of mental patients, their relatives, and mental health professionals was founded in Athens, Greece. The Motion for the Rights of the "Mentally Ill" proposed a total restructuring of mental health care and a novel conceptualization of mental illness. On the one hand, it demanded that the mental health system be based on open services, psychotherapy, and on patients' active participation in all decisions concerning their treatment and life. On the other hand, it conceptualized mental illness as a political issue that concerned all. Thus, the Motion viewed the promotion of the rights of the mentally ill as part of a broader project of cultivating conscious, active, and collective citizenship. This paper traces the Motion's history during the 1980s, showing that it was shaped by both the socio-political conditions of Greece in the post-dictatorship period, a time of intense politicization, and by the legacy of mental patient activism in the Western world during the 1970s and 1980s. It argues that, although the Motion had a limited long-term impact, it represented the mental patient movement in Greece as it furthered the latter's main features, most importantly its twofold endeavor to change not only the mental health system and the attitudes towards mental illness, but also society.

'Save our NHS': activism, information-based expertise and the 'new times' of the 1980s.

This article examines activism in defence of the National Health Service (NHS), which emerges in the 1960s to defend local hospitals from closure. From the mid-1980s, a new form of campaigning developed, which sought to protect the Service nationally. Tracing this campaigning illuminates, first, that small groups played a significant role in negotiating political change, and in contributing to cultural change which, in turn, has become politically powerful. Second, this demonstrates that the 1980s were 'new times' in welfare politics, as Thatcher's changes fostered voluntary interest in information-led expertise, and a new vision of the NHS as a significant, much valued, national institution.

Police Surgeons and Victims of Rape: Cultures of Harm and Care.

Between the late 1960s and the late 1980s, police surgeons found themselves under concerted attack for their treatment of victims of rape and sexual assault. This article explores the tensions they faced between the needs of victims and their legal responsibilities. Should they prioritise care or the collection of evidence? How did they respond to criticism and why were reforms inadequate? I show how institutional structures and ideologies help explain the longevity of cultures of harm within the sub-discipline of police doctors. However, to understand the tenacity of these practices, we need to interrogate more fundamental processes associated with bodily interactions, emotion and language.

Cartas de mães e pais de autistas ao Jornal do Brasil na década de 1980 / Letters sent to the Jornal do Brasil by parents of autistic people during the 1980s / Cartas de madres y padres de autistas al Jornal do Brasil en la década de 1980

Este artigo analisa um conjunto de cartas escritas por mães e pais de autistas, publicadas no Jornal do Brasil na década de 1980. O trabalho busca contribuir, a partir de uma pesquisa documental realizada na imprensa periódica, com a ampliação de conhecimentos sobre aspectos relacionados à história do autismo no país. Objetiva demonstrar duas questões: que as correspondências publicadas no período expressaram variedade de posicionamentos em torno do entendimento do fenômeno do autismo; e que as cartas podem ser entendidas como expressões de advocacy de familiares interessados em ações de assistência aos autistas. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para mães e pais transformando sua maternagem e paternagem em instrumento político.(AU)

This paper analyzes a set of letters sent to the Jornal do Brasil by parents of autistic people during the 1980s. The text seeks to expand the knowledge of historical aspects of autism in the country through document research from printed media. It aims to highlight two key issues: that the correspondence published during that period expressed a variety of stances regarding the understanding of the autism phenomenon; and that the letters may be understood as expressions of advocacy by the concerned relatives who wanted to further stimulate actions focused on assistance for autistic people. The conclusion shows how mothers and fathers turned their parenting into political instruments.(AU)

Este artículo analiza un conjunto de cartas escritas por padres y madres de autistas, publicadas en el Jornal do Brasil en la década de 1980. El objetivo del trabajo es contribuir, a partir de un estudio documental realizado en la prensa periódica, para la ampliación de conocimientos sobre aspectos relacionados con la historia del autismo en el país. Su objetivo es demostrar dos puntos: que las correspondencias publicadas en el período expresaron variedad de posicionamientos sobre el entendimiento del fenómeno del autismo y que las cartas pueden entenderse como expresiones de advocacy de familiares interesados en acciones de asistencia a los autistas. Los resultados del estudio señalan a padres y madres que transforman su maternidad y paternidad en instrumento político.(AU)

REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DO AMOR NO ROCK BRASILEIRO DOS ANOS 80 / REPRESENTACIONES SOCIALES DEL AMOR EN EL ROCK BRASILEÑO DE LOS AÑOS 80 / SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF LOVE IN BRAZILIAN ROCK FROM THE 1980S

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever e analisar as Representações Sociais de amor no rock brasileiro dos anos 80. Foram consultados 222 LPs gravados e lançados entre 1981 e 1990, todos pertencentes ao rock brasileiro dos Anos 80. De um corpus inicial composto por 2.074 gravações, obtivemos 999 letras que faziam referência a relacionamentos amorosos (48,16% do total). Dois procedimentos de análise foram utilizados: (a) Análise lexical (software ALCESTE) do corpus formado pelas 999 letras; e (b) análise de conteúdo de uma amostra (Eₒ= 5%) de 286 letras que fazem parte desse corpus. Identificamos na análise lexical duas classes (Paisagem e Vou te dizer) que permitiram a articulação dos 09 conjuntos temáticos resultantes da Análise de conteúdo (Na pele, A paisagem, Ela, A luz, As sombras do amor, Só, Movimentos, No coração, Na cabeça). Identificamos tal articulação como o princípio organizador das Representações Sociais do amor no corpus analisado.(AU)

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir y analizar las Representaciones Sociales del amor en el rock brasileño de los años 80. Fueron consultados 222 discos grabados y lanzados entre 1981 y 1990, todos pertenecientes al rock brasileño. Desde un corpus inicial compuesto por 2.074 grabaciones, obtuvimos 999 letras que hacían referencia a relacionamientos amorosos (48,16% del total). Dos procedimientos de análisis fueron utilizados: (a) Análisis lexical (software ALCESTE) del corpus formado por las 999 letras; y (b) Análisis de contenido de una muestra (Eₒ= 5%) de 286 letras. Identificamos en el análisis lexical dos clases (Paisagem y Vou te dizer) que permitieron la articulación de los 09 conjuntos temáticos resultantes del análisis de contenido (Na pele, A paisagem, Ela, A luz, As sombras do amor, Só, Movimentos, No coração, Na cabeça). Identificamos tal articulación como el principio organizador de las Representaciones Sociales en el corpus analizado.(AU)

This article aims at describing and analyzing the social representations of love within brazilian rock from the 1980s. 222 brazilian rock LPs recorded and released between 1981 and 1990 were analyzed. From an initial corpus consisting of 2074 recordings, 999 lyrics made reference to love relationship (48,16 % of total). Two analysis procedures were used: 1) Lexical Analysis (using the software ALCESTE) of the corpus (999 lyrics) and, 2) Content Analysis of a sample (Eₒ= 5%) of 286 lyrics that are part of this corpus. In the Lexical Analysis it was possible to identify two classes (Paisagem and Vou te dizer) that allowed the articulation of the 09 thematic groups resulting from Content Analysis (Na pele, A paisagem, Ela, A luz, As sombras do amor, Só, Movimentos, No coração, Na cabeça). This articulation was identified as the organizing principle of Social Representation of love in the corpus analyzed. .(AU)

Representações oociais do amor no rock Brasileiro dos anos 80 / Reresentaciones sociales del amor en el rock Brasileño de los años 80 / Social repreentaations of love in Brazilian rock from the 1980s

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever e analisar as Representações Sociais de amor no rock brasileiro dos anos 80. Foram consultados 222 LPs gravados e lançados entre 1981 e 1990, todos pertencentes ao rock brasileiro dos Anos 80. De um corpus inicial composto por 2.074 gravações, obtivemos 999 letras que faziam referência a relacionamentos amorosos (48,16% do total). Dois procedimentos de análise foram utilizados: (a) Análise lexical (software ALCESTE) do corpus formado pelas 999 letras; e (b) análise de conteúdo de uma amostra (Eₒ= 5%) de 286 letras que fazem parte desse corpus. Identificamos na análise lexical duas classes (Paisagem e Vou te dizer) que permitiram a articulação dos 09 conjuntos temáticos resultantes da Análise de conteúdo (Na pele, A paisagem, Ela, A luz, As sombras do amor, Só, Movimentos, No coração, Na cabeça). Identificamos tal articulação como o princípio organizador das Representações Sociais do amor no corpus analisado...

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir y analizar las Representaciones Sociales del amor en el rock brasileño de los años 80. Fueron consultados 222 discos grabados y lanzados entre 1981 y 1990, todos pertenecientes al rock brasileño. Desde un corpus inicial compuesto por 2.074 grabaciones, obtuvimos 999 letras que hacían referencia a relacionamientos amorosos (48,16% del total). Dos procedimientos de análisis fueron utilizados: (a) Análisis lexical (software ALCESTE) del corpus formado por las 999 letras; y (b) Análisis de contenido de una muestra (Eₒ= 5%) de 286 letras. Identificamos en el análisis lexical dos clases (Paisagem y Vou te dizer) que permitieron la articulación de los 09 conjuntos temáticos resultantes del análisis de contenido (Na pele, A paisagem, Ela, A luz, As sombras do amor, Só, Movimentos, No coração, Na cabeça). Identificamos tal articulación como el principio organizador de las Representaciones Sociales en el corpus analizado...

This article aims at describing and analyzing the social representations of love within brazilian rock from the 1980s. 222 brazilian rock LPs recorded and released between 1981 and 1990 were analyzed. From an initial corpus consisting of 2074 recordings, 999 lyrics made reference to love relationship (48,16 % of total). Two analysis procedures were used: 1) Lexical Analysis (using the software ALCESTE) of the corpus (999 lyrics) and, 2) Content Analysis of a sample (Eₒ= 5%) of 286 lyrics that are part of this corpus. In the Lexical Analysis it was possible to identify two classes (Paisagem and Vou te dizer) that allowed the articulation of the 09 thematic groups resulting from Content Analysis (Na pele, A paisagem, Ela, A luz, As sombras do amor, Só, Movimentos, No coração, Na cabeça). This articulation was identified as the organizing principle of Social Representation of love in the corpus analyzed...

Corporeidades contemporâneas: do corpo-imagem ao corpo-devir / Contemporary body experiences: from body as image trough body as devenir

Este trabalho procura fornecer uma perspectiva sobre o corpo em suas relações com a subjetividade, a cultura e a história. Partindo da concepção do corpo como multiplicidade - corporeidades -, podemos visualizar tanto suas inscrições históricas, quanto suas possibilidades de resistência. Para além da evidência que o corpo assumiu na contemporaneidade, buscam-se suas condições de possibilidade e seus desdobramentos. Conclui-se que a possibilidade de ruptura face às inscrições históricas - tanto a dureza do regime militar, quanto à fluidez e espetacularização contemporâneas - passa pelo resgate do movimento de invenção e criação no corpo, e a dança contemporânea pode servir como caminho possível.

This work looks for to supply a perspective about the body and its relations to the subjectivity, culture and history. We depart from the conception of body as multiplicity - "bodyness", body experienced -, through which it is possible to visualize its historical inscriptions and its possibilities to resist, beyond contemporary obviousness body has assumed. It is concluded that the rupture to historical inscriptions - both the hardness of the Brazilian military regime, as the contemporary fluidity and spectacularization - may be made through the redemption of creation and invention movement in the body, and contemporary dance can serve as a possible way.

Changes and Trends in the Newly Established Clinics in Korea / 예방의학회지

After medical insurance came into effect in Korea, health care system has undergone tremendous changes. Changing patterns of newly established clinics is one of them. To investigate changes and trends, a total of 10,184 clinics which were newly established from 1981 to 1990 were analysed. Data were obtained from the file of contracting medical facilities of the Federation of Medical Insurance Societies. The proportion of newly establishied clinics has increased gradually, so that they amount to 13% of the total medical facilities in Korea. Meanwhile, the number of newly established medium-size hospitals and general hospitals have decreased. The number of newly established clinics per 100, 000 populations has increased in the all areas, but the rate of increase has decreased in the cities except in 6 major cities in 1990. The rate of increase in newly established clinics surpasses that of population increase. This study has identified the trend of young physicians' early driving into their solo medical practice than before. This indicates chance of the medical specialty training nowadays toughen due to the limited openings in residency programs. However, the sex ratio of physicians at newly established clinics has not changed. The decreasing tendency to open medical practice without beds and the increasing size of clinics are found in this study(The size has been measured in terms of medical manpower, of beds, and of medical equipment in this study). Two thirds of general practitioners have opened their clinics without beds, although such trend has been less in the case of specialists. All three indicators show increasing size, especially in the case of rural clinics. However, among them, the number of medical equipments has increased most significantly from 8.9 items in 1981 to 12.9 in 1990.